Enargite

enargite

luzonite

tetrahedrite

covellite

Images

Formula: Cu3AsS4
Sulpharsenate of copper, paramorph of luzonite
Crystal System: Orthorhombic
Specific gravity: 4.4 to 4.5 measured, 4.40 calculated
Hardness: 3½
Streak: Black
Colour: Steel grey to iron black
Solubility: Slightly soluble in nitric acid
Common impurities: Sb,Fe,Pb,Zn,Ag,Ge
Environments:

Hydrothermal environments

Enargite is a comparatively rare mineral, found in vein and replacement deposits formed at moderate temperatures associated with pyrite, sphalerite, bornite, galena, tetrahedrite-tennantite, covellite, chalcocite, baryte and quartz (Mindat, HOM).

Localities

At the Pingüino deposit, Tres Cerros, Deseado Department, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina, minor late grains (<50 microns in size) of enargite are present in the cleavage planes of galena or as irregular masses related to freibergite (CM 49.931-946).

At Lahóca Hill, Recsk, Pétervására District, Heves County, Hungary, enargite and luzonite occur together in the metasomatised ore bodies (AM 83.365-372).

Enargite from Lahóca Hill - Image

The type locality is the San Francisco vein, Morococha District, Yauli Province, Junín, Peru.

Enargite from the San Francisco vein - Image

At the Gregory mine, Ashover, Derbyshire, England, UK, enargite has been found with calcite (RES p103).

At the Ladywash mine, Eyam, Derbyshire Dales District, Derbyshire, England, UK, enargite occurs as metallic grey-black crystals up to about 0.75 mm on edge, with chalcopyrite, galena, pyrite and sphalerite on a fluorite specimen from the workings on Hucklow Edge Vein. The enargite occurs as a late-stage primary phase in low-temperature fluorite-dominated hydrothermal vein mineralisation (JRS 22.6-10).

At Tintic Mining District, Juab County, Utah, USA, enargite generally occurs as metallic masses in quartz matrix; it has also been found as single crystals and crystal groups in pockets of quartz crystals at many of the mines in the district.
The enargite occurs mainly in coarsely crystalline aggregates of iron-black colour and excellent prismatic cleavage. Some of the individual grains may be 2 or 3 inches in length. Good but very small crystals were seen on quartz in vugs in ore from the Eureka Hill mine. Enargite is associated with baryte and jasperoid, and much of it contains small grains of pyrite and chalcopyrite. Good crystals of enargite, up to 2.5 cm and resting on quartz, have been found at the Tintic Standard mine. On both the upper and lower dumps at the North Star mine, enargite crystals to about 0.5 mm occur on a quartz and baryte matrix associated with azurite, chrysocolla, jarosite, kettnerite, malachite, mixite, pyrite, tetrahedrite and tyrolite (MinRec 55.2.198-201).

Enargite from Tintic - Image

Alteration

enargite and pyrite to Fe-tennantite, chalcopyrite and sulphur
4Cu3AsS4 + 4FeS2 → Cu10Fe2As4S13 + 2CuFeS2 + 7/2S2
(CM 28.725-738)

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